Abstract
(3) 9"Bap"ei* From (1) by (C.BB*) (4) ",.'Bap" E,A* From (2) by (C.B*) The conjunction of (3) and (4) violates (C.,-). ' When I say "absurd to utter" I of course do not mean that the sentence "a uttered the words so-and-so" is logically absurd. I mean that something goes wrong if we suppose that a purports to be making a statement of fact. 7 Hintikka, Knowledge and Belief, p. 72. 8 Ibid. 9Tle Moore's-Paradox statement (M) is shown to be doxastically indefensible on pp. 69-70. ' Austin (in How to Do Things with Words, New York: Oxford University Press, 1965) ultimately comes to discard the "hereby" criterion and with it the notion of a "pure performative," adopting instead the similar but more sophisticated theory of "illocutionary force." "Believe" is categorized as an "expositive" verb, but only tentatively so. If (taking a cue from Austin's own analogy of knowledge-claims to promises) we rather call "believe" a commissive, we could take the assertion of "'4'Bap" as an act of refusingto-endorse, and so get some kind of illocutionary misfire out of the combined assertion of p and refusal to endorse p. Quoted by Hintikka, Knowledge and Belief, p. 96. Hintikka, Knowledge and Belief, p. 98.
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