Abstract
The identification of host cellular genes that act as either proviral or antiviral factors has been aided by the development of an increasingly large number of high-throughput screening approaches. Here, we review recent advances in which these new technologies have been used to interrogate host genes for the ability to impact bunyavirus infection, both in terms of technical advances as well as a summary of biological insights gained from these studies.
Highlights
Viruses rely on a large number of host cellular factors and pathways as they enter, traffic through, replicate, assemble, and exit the cell
Rapid advances in high-throughput screening technologies based upon small molecules, loss-of-function libraries, and interactome characterization have informed our understanding of nearly every stage of virus replication cycles and identified valuable targets for antiviral therapeutics
Since the technical aspects for most of these techniques have been extensively reviewed, we aim here to present a summary of their use within the bunyavirus field, a brief comparison of their relative advantages and disadvantages, technical considerations that apply to screening with bunyaviruses, and recent advances in screening approaches that may be of general interest
Summary
Viruses rely on a large number of host cellular factors and pathways as they enter, traffic through, replicate, assemble, and exit the cell. Relatively reductionist approaches have been taken to identify specific interactions between viral and host cell molecules. Since the technical aspects for most of these techniques have been extensively reviewed, we aim here to present a summary of their use within the bunyavirus field, a brief comparison of their relative advantages and disadvantages, technical considerations that apply to screening with bunyaviruses, and recent advances in screening approaches that may be of general interest. Simultaneous advances in genome-wide screening techniques, and their well-demonstrated power to identify novel host cellular factors that either support or restrict viral infection, present an exciting tool for probing many aspects of bunyavirus biology
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