Abstract
Thermodynamics Steam locomotives, cars, and the drinking bird toy all convert heat into useful work as it cycles between two reservoirs at different temperatures. Usually, the working substance where the heat-work conversion occurs is a liquid or a gas, consisting of many molecules. Roβnagel et al. have made a working substance of a single calcium ion in a tapered ion trap. A laser-cooling beam plays the part of a cold reservoir for the calcium ion, and in turn, electric field noise acts as a hot reservoir. Science , this issue p. [325][1] ![Figure][2] Heat engines can also be made from single atoms. PHOTO: © VPC PHOTO/ALAMY STOCK PHOTO [1]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.aad6320 [2]: pending:yes
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