Abstract
Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a zoonotic disease with complex transmission cycle. Some environmental and socioeconomic factors are known to be the major determinants of the transmission process, which are involved in configuring the spatiotemporal patterns and thus can be delimiting. However, the relevance of these socioeconomic and environmental determinants is still not well understood. In this study, we aimed to identify the major environmental and socioeconomic determinants of CL in Brazil by articulating a systematic literature review of studies that are based on this subject. The methodology included a search for studies according to a structured protocol using the scientific platforms, such as Scielo and PubMed. The references of each identified article were who referred to CL determinants were further screened, and so on. We extracted information from 41 articles and the determinants were grouped accordingly. Two measures were evaluated as follows: a) the frequency of citations of the determinants; and b) the proportion of determinants identified as having "significant association in analytical studies" with respect to the total number of determinants analyzed in other analytical studies using the same concept. The analyzed articles covered most of the regions of Brazil and 7 other countries bordering Brazil. We found 43 concepts of determinants. However, the final selection resulted in the identification of 14 major determinants. These results therefore contribute in the identification of major CL determinants and this information can be used to establish strategies for identifying risk prone areas for disease surveillance.
Highlights
Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a non-contagious infectious disease, which is caused by protozoa of the genus Leishmania and primarily infect a wide range of animals, and humans secondarily
We aimed to identify the major environmental and socioeconomic determinants of CL in Brazil by articulating a systematic literature review of studies that are based on this subject
We aimed to identify the main environmental and socioeconomic determinants related to CL occurrence and transmission in Brazil by articulating a systematic literature review
Summary
Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a non-contagious infectious disease, which is caused by protozoa of the genus Leishmania and primarily infect a wide range of animals (wild and possibly domestic hosts1), and humans secondarily. It is a disease transmitted by sandflies - winged hematophagous vectors of the family Psychodidae, genus Lutzomyia sp. The establishment and maintenance of CL transmission cycle can be favored or limited by several environmental and socioeconomic factors, which create barriers for the presence of vectors, reservoirs, and parasites, further preventing or facilitating the occurrence of disease[1]. Studies indicate that the construction of large infrastructures, like hydroelectric plants and dams, roads and railways, and implementation of colonization projects in rural areas are highly favorable for CL transmission, as they involve drastic transformation of the local environmental conditions[11,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26]
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