Abstract
AbstractAgricultural production is threatened by different invasive species, as their damage results in a serious loss of income. The aim of the research was the assessment of the swarming dynamics and damage of the western corn rootworm (WCR) adults and larvae. The experiment was carried out in monoculture fertilization long-term experiments and three maize hybrids compared for their reaction against WCR adult and larval damage under non-infested plots at different nitrogen levels. Differences among the hybrids have a lower effect on the damage of corn rootworm adults and larvae than the amount of applied nitrogen. The phosphorus-potassium are optimal levels, while nitrogen ranges from 0 to 300 kg and no nutrient supply took place in the control plots for 30 years. The number of adults located and feeding on the styles of the female flower recorded and the damage caused on the roots by larvae ranked on a modified Iowa scale. Nitrogen fertilization resulted in a change in the silking time. The lowest root damage observed in the case of the high nutrient treatment with an Iowa value of 3.18. The coincidence of the nourishment of adults and the egg-laying time with silking is a potential threat in terms of fertility. Based on the results, it found that the extent of root damage can be reduced through the optimal selection of the time and dose of nutrient supply, primarily that of nitrogen. In general, both larvae and adults can cause severe yield loss, but the method of control against them is different. The coincidence of the nourishment of adults and the egg-laying time with silking is a potential threat in terms of fertility.
Highlights
The global challenge of our time is to maintain and improve food production standards while preserving biodiversity
Differences among the hybrids have a lower effect on the damage of corn rootworm adults and larvae than the amount of applied nitrogen
The host plant preferences of the corn rootworm adults and the degree of root damage by their larvae related to the N supply of the plant
Summary
The global challenge of our time is to maintain and improve food production standards while preserving biodiversity. Climate change has an impact on global food production (Ray et al, 2019), which may be the driving force behind the spread and establishment of new pests in areas that used to be disadvantageous for them in the past. In the area involved in the study, the average of the summer periods between April and September of the last 5 years showed a positive temperature difference each year compared to the annual average (Gombos & Nagy, 2019). It can be concluded that numerous new pests might emerge that were previously not widespread in our area due to temperature-related limiting factors. In the scope of agricultural research, field trials provide an opportunity to analyze and compare long-term agro-technical operations applied during cultivation and their effects
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