Mahmudhoja Behbudiy leader of the Jadid reforms

Abstract

We are witnessing that the ideas of our Jadids, who tried to raise Turkestan through enlightenment to the level of world civilization at the beginning of the 20th century, and who showed modern education as a solution to the problems of that period, have not lost their significance today. In this sense, the study of the works of the famous orientalist Mahmudkhodja Behbudi based on new scientific criteria plays an important role in the study of issues of interethnic communication, peaceful coexistence, education, culture, and religious tolerance. M. Behbudi in the late 19th and early 20th centuries began a systematic struggle against fanaticism, nationalism, voluntarism (rejecting the laws of nature and society and taking into account only desires), which negatively affects the development of Turkestan. To this end, he visited Saudi Arabia in 1899-1900 (according to some sources in 1902), Moscow and St. Petersburg in 1903-1904, to Kazan, Ufa, Nizhny Novgorod in 1906. As a result of these trips, after his return, he introduced various new scientific, secular sciences to his school, began to develop science in Turkestan using the scientific knowledge of that time. The fundamental scientific ideas of M. Behbudi on the issues of ensuring the prosperity and sustainable development of Turkestan through the reform of the education system as a solution to the problems remaining in the field of science, the development of not only religious but also secular sciences, as well as national tolerance in the public consciousness, contribute to the development of advanced sciences. Mahmudkhodja Behbudi reflects on the importance of the reform of secular sciences - public education, the need to establish a dialogue with culture, educational literature and textbooks of the Turkic peoples, in particular, he published such textbooks as "The Book of Literacy" (1904), "Introduction to the Geography", (1905), “Brief General Geography” (1906), “Children's Letter” (1905), “The Practice of Islam” (1908), “The History of Islam” (1909). He writes the dramas "Patricide" (1911), "Khatun with a white fan" (story), "The Grief of a child" (story), "Kitobat Al-atfol" (in the Old Uzbek language) and works related to education and training, as well as publishes his works in the printing house of the publishing house “Behbudiya”. Today, the significance of the ideas of the unity of the scientific heritage of Mahmudkhodja Behbudi is being studied as a valuable resource in the development of modern education in Turkestan in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.