Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) three-dimensional flow of second grade nanofluid by a convectively heated exponentially stretching surface

Abstract

This article deals with the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) three-dimensional flow of second grade nanofluid in the presence of convective boundary condition. The flow is induced due to an exponentially stretching surface. An electrically conducting fluid in the presence of uniform magnetic field is taken into account. Problem formulation is developed subject to boundary layer and small magnetic Reynolds number assumptions. The systems of nonlinear ordinary differential equations are obtained by using the appropriate transformations. Solutions of governing systems are first established and then convergence has been verified through plots and numerical data. A detailed parametric study is carried out to explore the effects of various physical parameters on the velocity, temperature and nanoparticles concentration profiles. Skin friction coefficients, local Nusselt and Sherwood numbers are tabulated and discussed. Our findings show that the temperature profile has a direct relationship with the magnetic parameter and Biot number.