Abstract
Advances in cell and tissue therapies are slow to be implemented in the clinic due to the limited standardization of safety and quality control techniques. Current approaches for monitoring cell and tissue manufacturing processes are time and labor intensive, costly, and lack commercial scalability. One method to improving in vitro manufacturing processes includes utilizing the coupled magnetic and mechanical properties of magnetoelastic (ME) materials as passive and wireless sensors and actuators. Specifically, ME materials can be used in quantifying cell adhesion, detecting contamination, measuring biomarkers, providing biomechanical stimulus, and enabling cell detachment in bioreactors. This review outlines critical design considerations for ME systems and summarizes recent developments in utilizing ME materials for sensing and actuation in cell and tissue engineering.
Highlights
IntroductionMagnetoelastic Materials for Tissue engineering, cell therapies, and cell products (i.e., collagens, albumin, etc.)
Magnetoelastic Materials for Tissue engineering, cell therapies, and cell productsare critical components in regenerative medicine for replacing or repairing diseased and damaged tissues
ME sensors have been incorporated with biotin-functionalized polyethylene glycol (PEG) to detect avidin and horseradish peroxidase conjugation to quantify glucose levels [32,33,34]
Summary
Magnetoelastic Materials for Tissue engineering, cell therapies, and cell products (i.e., collagens, albumin, etc.). Current cell manufacturing techniques lack reliable and cost-effective quality control processes, which significantly reduces yield and quality since cell and tissue manufacturing techniques need to account for inter-donor cell heterogeneity [6] This presents a need for technologies that can provide effective optimization and normalization of cell and tissue preparation methods to ensure the safety and efficacy of cell-based therapies [7,8]. Sustainability 2021, 13, 13655 methods includes using magnetoelastic (ME) materials as sensors and actuators to remotely monitor and control cells and tissues in real-time during in vitro manufacturing processes. Vibrations in ME materials can be used to detect changes in mass loading by monitoring differences in resonance frequency and/or resonance quality [14,15] Due to their ability to provide wireless mechanical sensing and actuation, ME materials are ideal for aseptic in vitro cell and tissue manufacturing applications. Design considerations for ME systems utilized in vitro are summarized and recent advancements in ME system fabrication and implementation for cell sensing and actuation purposes are explored
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