Abstract
A simple, sensitive and effective magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE) technique was developed for the extraction of pyrethroid pesticides from environmental water samples, followed by gas chromatography tandem triple quadrupole mass spectrometry determination. An adsorbent of magnetic zeolitic imidazolate framework-8@deep eutectic solvent (M-ZIF-8@DES) was prepared using deep eutectic solvent coated on the surface of M-ZIF-8. The features of M-ZIF-8@DES were confirmed by material characterizations, and the results indicated that M-ZIF-8@DES has a good magnetism (61.3 emu g−1), a decent surface area (96.83 m2 g−1) and pore volume (0.292 mL g−1). Single factor experiments were carried out to investigate the effect of different conditions on the performance of MSPE. Under the optimal conditions, the developed method performs good linearity (R2 ≥ 0.9916) in the concentration range of 1–500 μg L−1. The limits of detection were in the range of 0.05–0.21 μg L−1 (signal/noise = 3/1). The intraday relative standard deviation (RSD) and interday RSD were less than 9.40%. Finally, the proposed technique was applied for the determination of pyrethroid pesticides in environmental water samples. This work shows the potential of DES-modified metal-organic frameworks for different sample pretreatment techniques.
Highlights
Pyrethroids are a class of synthetic lipid insecticides which have similar structure to the pyrethrins
The results indicated that M-Zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs)-8@Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) has an adequate surface area and total pore volume, which were both favorable for adsorption of pyrethroid pesticides
A novel type composite name as magnetic ZIF-8 modified with DES has been synthesized based on the coordination-polymerization and the physisorption mechanism
Summary
Pyrethroids are a class of synthetic lipid insecticides which have similar structure to the pyrethrins. Sample pretreatment is a key procedure for the analysis of pesticides residue [4]. Varieties of pretreatment methods, such as solid-phase extraction (SPE), solid-phase microextraction and matrix dispersion SPE, have been developed for the enrichment of pyrethroids in aqueous solutions [5,6,7]. Magnetic SPE (MSPE) is a new type of SPE technique which is based on the magnetic adsorbent, and has gained huge attention in bioseparation and chemical analysis [8]. The typical process of MSPE was as follows: magnetic adsorbents were usually dispersed in the sample solution followed by sonication, shocking or votexing to accomplish the extraction process, and thereafter were retrieved by use of a magnet. Some efforts have been made to prepare magnetic adsorbents, such as surface-modified magnetic nanoparticles and magnetic composites composed of magnetic nanoparticles combining carbon nanomaterials, molecularly imprinted polymers or metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) [9,10]
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