Abstract
ABSTRACT We investigate the magnetisation and internal energy of the David star in the Kagome lattice by the effective field theory developed by Kaneyoshi. First-order, Second-order and successive phase transitions are observed for different spin-down orientations. Spin-down orientation of identical atoms causes a second-order phase transition, spin-down orientation of different atoms causes a first-order and successive phase transitions. Minimum internal energy is obtained as U David star = −5 for all spin-up orientations, whereas it increases (U David star > −5) for at least one spin-down orientation. For spin-down orientation of A↑–A↓, internal energy becomes zero at a certain temperature and we call this temperature ‘zero internal energy temperature (Tzie)’. At T < Tzie = 1.99, internal energy is positive, whereas it is negative for other spin states. Therefore, spin-induced minimum internal energy broken is observed except for all spin-up (A↑, B↑ and C↑) cases.
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