Magnetic Polymer Nanocomposites for Removal of Dyes and Metals From Wastewater

Abstract

This study explores the potential of magnetic polymer nanocomposites (MPNCs) as an effective and sustainable solution for treatment of wastewater to remove heavy metals and dyes. The growing global water pollution and accompanying dangers to ecosystems and public health are taken into considerations to place proper emphasis on the urgent need for improved wastewater treatment. Limitations associated with traditional methods, such as high costs and low efficiency, are discussed elaborately. MPNCs are examined in terms of properties, techniques of synthesis, and applications. Factors affecting adsorption capacity and selectivity, like particle size, shape, and surface functionalization, are explained. Different methods for synthesis have been discussed with focus on their ability to modify characteristics of MPNCs for specific applications. The chapter delves into mechanisms by which MPNCs adsorb contaminants, such as electrostatic interactions, chelation, and ion exchange. The influence of experimental parameters on adsorption efficiency, including pH, temperature, and contact time, is discussed. Regeneration and reusability of MPNCs are significant advantages over conventional methods, reducing costs and waste generation. A critical evaluation of the current research state is provided, summarizing key findings, breakthroughs, and challenges associated with MPNCs for wastewater treatment. High adsorption capacities, fast kinetics, and selectivity of various MPNCs are highlighted, along with the ease of separation from treated water by using a magnet. Challenges and limitations, such as potential leaching of magnetic nanoparticles and the need for scale-up studies, are addressed. Finally, the chapter concludes by identifying future research directions and potential applications of MPNCs beyond wastewater treatment.