Abstract
Magnetic nanomaterials and nanostructures compose an innovative subject in sample preparation. Most of them are designed according to the properties of the target analytes on each occasion. The unique characteristics of nanomaterials enhance the proficiency at extracting and enriching due to their selective adsorption ability as well as easy separation and surface modification. Their remarkable properties, such as superparamagnetism, biocompatibility and selectivity have established magnetic materials as very reliable options in sample preparation approaches. In order to comprehend the range of utilization at magnetic materials and nanostructures, this review aims to present the most notable examples in sample preparation prior to liquid chromatography (LC) to the community of analytical chemists. Primarily, the review describes the principles of the techniques in which the magnetic materials are utilized and leaned on. Additionally, there is a diligent report about the novel magnetic techniques and finally a comparison to demonstrate the total point of view.
Highlights
Nanostructures in SampleWhile the upgrowth of advanced analytical instrumentation remains at a high level and most of the analytes can be detected, some compounds are still beyond the detection thresholds due to the restriction of instrumental detection limit and interferences of matrices.It is a vital goal to introduce sample preparation techniques prior to an analytical process so as to achieve accurate quantification and lower detection limits
Despite being a very common technique due to a high preconcentration factor, good extraction performance and the reduced demand for sample and organic solvents researchers have tried utilizing ionic liquids (ILs) which identify as less toxic chemicals than chlorinated solvents that exhibit high density and they are commonly used at Dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (DLLME) [8]
The results demonstrate that this method is a reproducible and straightforward procedure for preparing magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) coated Solid Phase Microextraction (SPME) fibers
Summary
While the upgrowth of advanced analytical instrumentation remains at a high level and most of the analytes can be detected, some compounds are still beyond the detection thresholds due to the restriction of instrumental detection limit and interferences of matrices. Magnetic solid phase extraction (MSPE) overcomes problems such as column packing and phase separation. In this approach, magnetic materials are dispersed into an aqueous. Magnetochemistry 2022, 8, 29 sample and after incubation for a suitable time until the target analytes are adsorbed on the adsorbent material, an external magnetic field is applied to separate the magnetic materials from the solution in an easy way. Despite being a very common technique due to a high preconcentration factor, good extraction performance and the reduced demand for sample and organic solvents researchers have tried utilizing ionic liquids (ILs) which identify as less toxic chemicals than chlorinated solvents that exhibit high density and they are commonly used at DLLME [8]. It is remarkable that magnetic composites have been introduced in sample pretreatment methodologies including ionic liquid-linked dual magnetic microextraction (IL-DMME) [11], stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE) [12], SPME and single drop microextraction (SDME) [13]
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