Abstract
Magnetomechanical therapy is one of the most perspective directions in tumor microsurgery. According to the analysis of recent publications, it can be concluded that a nanoscalpel could become an instrument sufficient for cancer microsurgery. It should possess the following properties: (1) nano- or microsized; (2) affinity and specificity to the targets on tumor cells; (3) remote control. This nano- or microscalpel should include at least two components: (1) a physical nanostructure (particle, disc, plates) with the ability to transform the magnetic moment to mechanical torque; (2) a ligand—a molecule (antibody, aptamer, etc.) allowing the scalpel precisely target tumor cells. Literature analysis revealed that the most suitable nanoscalpel structures are anisotropic, magnetic micro- or nanodiscs with high-saturation magnetization and the absence of remanence, facilitating scalpel remote control via the magnetic field. Additionally, anisotropy enhances the transmigration of the discs to the tumor. To date, four types of magnetic microdiscs have been used for tumor destruction: synthetic antiferromagnetic P-SAF (perpendicular) and SAF (in-plane), vortex Py, and three-layer non-magnetic–ferromagnet–non-magnetic systems with flat quasi-dipole magnetic structures. In the current review, we discuss the biological effects of magnetic discs, the mechanisms of action, and the toxicity in alternating or rotating magnetic fields in vitro and in vivo. Based on the experimental data presented in the literature, we conclude that the targeted and remotely controlled magnetic field nanoscalpel is an effective and safe instrument for cancer therapy or theranostics.
Highlights
Malignant neoplasms remain one of the leading causes of mortality in the working-age population [1] and are an important public health problem [2]
The success of oncological disease therapies is determined by the efficiency of removing all transformed cells characterized by uncontrolled growth and division from the body
There is a high probability that not all tumor cells will be removed during the surgery
Summary
Malignant neoplasms remain one of the leading causes of mortality in the workingage population [1] and are an important public health problem [2]. Surgical resection and radiation therapy for therapy tumors remain the leading physicalofmethods of removing or destroying malignant neoplasms. The main challenge in radiotherapy is maximizing the dose to the tumortumor while minimizing the damage the surrounding healthy tissue. There is a need forisa novel approach capable of total removal of tumor tissues with minimal damage to the healthy surroundings. This tumor tissues with minimal damage to the healthy surroundings This instrument (na- instrument (nanoscalpel) should have three main (1)miniature it should be miniature (nano- or micronoscalpel) should have three main properties:. The of damagingthe thetumor tumor cell under influence of external forces, causing the processes second component must act as a recognizing element and interact only with its target, of its death. Schematic representation of the noveldevice nanoscalpel deviceselectively (a): binding tucells (b) for different applications (c) such as accurate applications (c)mor such as accurate diagnostics and targeted therapy (d). diagnostics and targeted therapy (d)
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