Magnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles as a Tool for the Advancement of Biomedical and Environmental Application: A Review

Abstract

Recently, a number of studies have been devoted for the exploitation of magnetic nanoparticles with potential applications in medicine and environment. Among the oxide of magnetic nanoparticles, iron oxide has been emerged as essential tool in nanotechnology particularly, biotechnology. This is attributed to its exceptional properties such as size, shape, supermagnetism and biocompatibility. The iron oxide nanoparticle is less toxic and more biocompatible than other metal nanoparticles, making it an ideal substrate for biosensing, direct drug delivery, catalysis, (CT/MRI) dual-modality, photothermal therapy, and immunoassays applications. In this review, various synthetic methods of iron oxide nanoparticles have been discussed in detail. The potential applications of these iron oxide nanoparticles in the field of drug delivery, hyperthermia and MRI have also been reviewed in detail. These nanoparticles enhance the mechanical properties of a restorative material and improve the overall bonding between dentin and biomaterials, thus affecting the bond strength.