Abstract
In the last decades, a myriad of materials has been synthesized and utilized for the development of sample preparation procedures. The use of their magnetic analogues has gained significant attention and many procedures have been developed using magnetic materials. In this context, the benefits of a new class of magnetic ionic liquids (MILs), as non-conventional solvents, have been reaped in sample preparation procedures. MILs combine the advantageous properties of ionic liquids along with the magnetic properties, creating an unsurpassed combination. Owing to their unique nature and inherent benefits, the number of published reports on sample preparation with MILs is increasing. This fact, along with the many different types of extraction procedures that are developed, suggests that this is a promising field of research. Advances in the field are achieved both by developing new MILs with better properties (showing either stronger response to external magnetic fields or tunable extractive properties) and by developing and/or combining methods, resulting in advanced ones. In this advancing field of research, a good understanding of the existing literature is needed. This review aims to provide a literature update on the current trends of MILs in different modes of sample preparation, along with the current limitations and the prospects of the field. The use of MILs in dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction, single drop microextraction, matrix solid-phase dispersion, etc., is discussed herein among others.
Highlights
The results showed that the magnetic ionic liquids (MILs) A had the best performance for the extraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) (MIL B showed adequate extraction efficiency but was lower than that obtained with MIL A, whereas MIL C extracted the PAHs poorly)
Much effort has been put into employing MILs in sample preparation and great advancements have been made up to now
The results presented in this review article corroborate the significance of designing various kinds of magnetic ionic liquids (ILs) in order to be successfully applied to sample preparation
Summary
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. They have melting points at or below 100 ◦ C and they exist as liquids in a wide temperature range They have low melting points, negligible vapor pressures, outstanding chemical and thermal stabilities, and good affinities for both organic and inorganic analytes [4,5]. Their viscosity, miscibility with organic or inorganic phases, and selectivity for several applications may be tuned based on the needs. Because of these unique physicochemical properties, they have emerged as an excellent class of alternative extraction media. Since this topic or research has great potential, our aim is to provide a literature update on the current trends of MILs in sample preparation under different conditions of operation, along with the current limitations and the prospects of the field
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