Magnesium Levels Modify the Effect of Lipid Parameters on Carotid Intima Media Thickness.

Serafi Cambray,Milica Bozic,Marcelino Bermudez-Lopez,Elvira Fernandez,Manuel Marti-Antonio,Jose M Valdivielso,Merce Ibarz

doi:10.3390/nu12092631

Serafi Cambray, Milica Bozic + Show 5 more

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https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12092631

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Journal: Nutrients	Publication Date: Aug 28, 2020
Citations: 13	License type: CC BY 4.0

Affiliation: Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida

Abstract

Classical risk factors of atherosclerosis in the general population show paradoxical effects in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. Thus, low low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels have been associated with worse cardiovascular outcomes. Magnesium (Mg) is a divalent cation whose homeostasis is altered in CKD. Furthermore, Mg levels have been associated with cardiovascular health. The present study aims to understand the relationships of Mg and lipid parameters with atherosclerosis in CKD. In this analysis, 1754 participants from the Observatorio Nacional de Atherosclerosis en Nefrologia (NEFRONA) cohort were included. Carotid intima media thickness (cIMT) was determined in six arterial territories, and associated factors were investigated by linear regression. cIMT correlated positively with being male, Caucasian, a smoker, diabetic, hypertensive, dyslipidemic and with increased age, BMI, and triglyceride levels, and negatively with levels of HDL cholesterol. First-order interactions in linear regression analysis showed that Mg was an effect modifier on the influence of lipidic parameters. Thus, cIMT predicted values were higher when triglycerides or LDL levels were high and Mg levels were low. On the contrary, when Mg levels were high, this effect disappeared. In conclusion, Mg acts as an effect modifier between lipidic parameters and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Therefore, Mg levels, together with lipidic parameters, should be taken into account when assessing atherosclerotic risk.

Highlights

According to the Cardiovascular Disease Statistics from the European Society of Cardiology, in 2015 there were 11 million new cases of cardiovascular disease (CVD) reported in Europe, and the majority of countries showed an increase in cases from 1990 [1]
Epidemiological studies show that increased concentrations of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events [3,4], while the contrary effect has been demonstrated for high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [5]
Mg levels increased as renal function decreased, whereas Carotid Intima–Media Thickness (cIMT) levels showed the opposite tendency

Summary

Introduction

According to the Cardiovascular Disease Statistics from the European Society of Cardiology, in 2015 there were 11 million new cases of cardiovascular disease (CVD) reported in Europe, and the majority of countries showed an increase in cases from 1990 [1]. 83.5 million people, of which 35.7 million people showed peripheral vascular disease [1]. CVD led to 64 million disability-adjusted life years in the European population [1]. Among risk factors associated with CVD, plasma lipids play a key role in the initiation and progression of atheromatous disease [2]. Triglyceride levels are inversely associated with HDL-C levels [6] and, despite not showing atherogenic properties per se, are considered to be an important biomarker of CVD, due to Nutrients 2020, 12, 2631; doi:10.3390/nu12092631 www.mdpi.com/journal/nutrients

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