Abstract
Due to the high estimated prevalence of magnesium deficiency, there is a need for a rapid, non-invasive assessment tool that could be used by patients and clinicians to confirm suspected hypomagnesemia and substantiate laboratory testing. This study analyzed data from four large observational studies of hypomagnesemia in pregnant women and women with hormone-related conditions across Russia. Hypomagnesemia was assessed using a 62-item magnesium deficiency questionnaire (MDQ-62) and a serum test. The diagnostic utility (sensitivity/specificity) of MDQ-62 was analyzed using area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC). A logistic regression model was applied to develop a shorter, optimized version of MDQ-62. A total of 765 pregnant women and 8836 women with hormone-related conditions were included in the analysis. The diagnostic performance of MDQ-62 was “fair” (AUROC = 0.7−0.8) for women with hormone-related conditions and “poor” for pregnant women (AUROC = 0.6−0.7). The optimized MDQ-23 (23 questions) and MDQ-10 (10 questions) had similar AUROC values; for all versions of the questionnaire, there was a significant negative correlation between score and changes in total serum magnesium levels (p < 0.0001 for all comparisons; correlation coefficients ranged from −0.1667 to −0.2716). This analysis confirmed the value of MDQ in identifying women at risk of hypomagnesemia.
Highlights
Magnesium deficiency and low magnesium intake are associated with altered levels of other electrolytes, cardiovascular events, various metabolic and neuromuscular conditions, type II diabetes mellitus, and depression [1]
Studies of various populations showed that 15–42% of apparently healthy adults have subnormal serum magnesium levels; magnesium deficiency is more frequent in women than in men, and the proportions are much higher in post-menopausal women and in individuals with obesity or type 2 diabetes [1,2]
Population without serum magnesium test, and subjects
Summary
Magnesium deficiency and low magnesium intake are associated with altered levels of other electrolytes, cardiovascular events, various metabolic and neuromuscular conditions, type II diabetes mellitus, and depression [1]. Studies of various populations showed that 15–42% of apparently healthy adults have subnormal serum magnesium levels; magnesium deficiency is more frequent in women than in men, and the proportions are much higher in post-menopausal women and in individuals with obesity or type 2 diabetes [1,2]. Despite its implications in clinical practice, diagnosing magnesium deficiency still presents a challenge. Most of the magnesium tests used in research, such as 24-hour urine magnesium load test, muscle and bone concentration measurements, nuclear magnetic resonance imaging, and isotope studies, are considered impractical in the clinic [3].
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