Abstract
BackgroundAn accumulating body of literature indicates that magnesium deficiency is associated with a number of hormone-related conditions (HRC) in women, and epidemiological studies are needed to assess its prevalence and risk factors. Here, we present a secondary analysis of data pooled from four large observational studies that assessed magnesium deficiency among pregnant women and women with HRC across the Russian Federation.MethodsThe main objective of this analysis was to estimate the prevalence of magnesium deficiency in this population and to describe risk factors and comorbidities associated with low serum magnesium. Univariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the risk factors and comorbid conditions associated with an increased risk of low serum magnesium level.ResultsA total of 983 pregnant women and 9444 women with HRC were eligible for analysis. Prevalence of hypomagnesemia (magnesium serum level cut-off < 0.66 mmol/L/< 0.8 mmol/L) was 34.0%/78.9% in pregnant women and 21.4%/54.8% in women with HRC. The highest prevalence of magnesium deficiency was observed for osteoporosis and climacteric syndrome. Risk factors included diastolic blood pressure, previous pregnancy complications, infections and edema for pregnant women, and age, body mass index, and various comorbidities for women with HRC.ConclusionsThese results confirm the high prevalence of hypomagnesemia in pregnant women and women with HRC and underline the importance of routine screening, since risk factors are mostly non-specific.
Highlights
An accumulating body of literature indicates that magnesium deficiency is associated with a number of hormone-related conditions (HRC) in women, and epidemiological studies are needed to assess its prevalence and risk factors
Magnesium deficiency is more frequent in women than men [2, 4]; this may partially be influenced by the fact that estrogen stimulates magnesium utilization by tissues and hormonal rhythms in women may affect and modulate magnesium status [5]
Since magnesium level is most frequently assessed by measuring blood serum concentration, magnesium deficiency may be masked by apparently normal serum levels and its prevalence may be underestimated [1, 3, 6]
Summary
An accumulating body of literature indicates that magnesium deficiency is associated with a number of hormone-related conditions (HRC) in women, and epidemiological studies are needed to assess its prevalence and risk factors. We present a secondary analysis of data pooled from four large observational studies that assessed magnesium deficiency among pregnant women and women with HRC across the Russian Federation. Since magnesium level is most frequently assessed by measuring blood serum concentration, magnesium deficiency may be masked by apparently normal serum levels and its prevalence may be underestimated [1, 3, 6]. There is no uniform lower reference limit for serum magnesium level, with cut-offs ranging between 0.66 mmol/L and 0.85 mmol/L in different studies [2, 7, 8]
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