Macrophage Glucose Metabolism Reprogramming and Cardiovascular Complications of Diabetes

Abstract

Macrophages are the main participants in the pathogenesis of many chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, including diabetes, and cardiovascular complications mediated by abnormal activation of macrophages caused by various reasons are the main causes of morbidity and death in patients with diabetes. Different environmental stimuli can easily lead to glucose metabolism reprogramming in macrophages, resulting in a series of changes in metabolization-related enzymes, metabolites and metabolic pathways. Glucose metabolism reprogramming is closely related to M1 polarization and M2 polarization of macrophages, for example, M1 macrophages tend to anaerobic glycolysis while M2 macrophages tend to aerobic metabolism, and different polarization of macrophages is closely related to various diseases. Therefore, this paper reviews the mechanism and inducing factors of reprogramming of glucose metabolic pathways, as well as the effect of these pathways on macrophage polarization, so as to provide services for clinical research and treatment of the occurrence and development of cardiovascular complications in the context of chronic inflammation of diabetes.