Macroalgae as a Source of Functional Foods in the Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases

Abstract

Noncommunicable diseases (NCD), such as cardiovascular diseases (CVD), are responsible for the majority of annual deaths worldwide. Dyslipidemia, hypertension, diabetes, and obesity, among others, can enhance the onset of metabolic syndrome (MetS). The integration of natural products in the diet, such as marine macroalgae or hydrocolloids extracted from them, has been extensively studied. The application of these substances in the prevention of pathologies is expanding due to the high content of bioactive compounds and as dietary fiber, constituting an excellent source of organic components to produce functional foods. The objective of this review will be to compile the effectiveness of algal polysaccharides, specifically agar, alginates and carrageenan, in the prevention of CVD, focusing on its action on the pathophysiology underlying this group of diseases, as well as exploring the various human and animal studies available. Additionally, we emphasize the benefits of dietary fiber consumption and the mechanisms of its action throughout the gastrointestinal tract. The present work will also present information about the benefits of consuming macroalgae in regulating intestinal health and its general relationship with CVD.