Abstract
During the forming stage in the RTM process, deformations and orientations of yarns at the mesoscopic scale are essential to evaluate mechanical behaviors of final composite products and calculate the permeability of the reinforcement. However, due to the high computational cost, it is very difficult to carry out a mesoscopic draping simulation for the entire reinforcement. In this paper, a macro-meso scale simulation of composite reinforcements is presented in order to predict mesoscopic deformations of the fabric in a reasonable calculation time. The proposed multi-scale method allows linking the macroscopic simulation of the reinforcement with the mesoscopic modelling of the RVE through a macromeso embedded analysis. On the base of macroscopic simulations using a hyperelastic constitutive law of the reinforcement, an embedded mesoscopic geometry is first deduced from the macroscopic simulation of the draping. To overcome the inconvenience of the macro-meso embedded solution which leads to unreal excessive yarn extensions, local mesoscopic simulations based on the embedded analysis are carried out on a single RVE by defining specific boundary conditions. Finally, the multi-scale forming simulations are investigated in comparison with the experimental results, illustrating the efficiency of the proposed approach, in terms of accuracy and CPU time.
Highlights
In the manufacturing process of textile composites, especially the RTM process, the forming step is important because it strongly influences the mechanical behavior of the composite in service
It is very difficult to simulate the shaping of woven reinforcements at this mesoscopic scale for the whole part by taking into account the huge number of yarns and their complex interactions, especially for thick textile composites
In Iwata's study [12], visualizations of yarns at the local level of the reinforcement is achieved by coupling a macroscopic simulation of draping and a local simulation at the mesoscopic scale in the positions where the most probable defects are found in the macroscopic simulation
Summary
In the manufacturing process of textile composites, especially the RTM process, the forming step is important because it strongly influences the mechanical behavior of the composite in service. For the shaping simulations of woven reinforcements, the approaches are generally carried out at the macroscopic scale [1, 2], in which the reinforcement is considered as a continuous medium At this scale, it is able to predict the appearance of wrinkles, which is the major defect appearing during this phase [3, 4]. In Iwata's study [12], visualizations of yarns at the local level of the reinforcement is achieved by coupling a macroscopic simulation of draping and a local simulation at the mesoscopic scale in the positions where the most probable defects are found in the macroscopic simulation In these models, one of the most critical problems is to compensate for the increase in computing time. Three types of woven reinforcements with different architectures, natures and weaves are studied, and only the data related to orthogonal 3D glass woven reinforcements (Fig. 1) will be presented here
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