Abstract
The RTM (Resin Transfer Molding) manufacturing process is largely used for the fabrication of textile composites. During the forming phase, the deformations of composite reinforcements at the mesoscopic scale, such as the positions, orientations, and changes in the sections of deformed yarns, are essential to calculate the permeability of the reinforcement in the injection phase and evaluate the mechanical behaviors of the final products. However, the mesoscopic models of the forming simulation lead to a high computational cost due to the numerous yarns and their complex contacts, especially for thick reinforcements. In this paper, a macro-meso method for predicting the mesoscopic deformations of composite reinforcements with a reasonable calculation time is presented in this paper. The proposed multi-scale method allows for the linkage of the macroscopic simulation of reinforcements with the mesoscopic modelling of an RVE (Representative Volume Element) through a macro-meso embedded approach. Based on macroscopic simulations using a 3D hyperelastic constitutive law, an embedded mesoscopic geometry is first deduced. The macro-meso embedded solution can lead to excessive extensions of yarns. To overcome this inconvenience, a local mesoscopic simulation based on the macro-meso embedded analysis is carried out on a single RVE. Finally, the multi-scale forming simulations are investigated in comparison with the experimental results, illustrating the efficiency of the proposed method.
Highlights
Composite materials with excellent performance are becoming more attractive in the field of high technology
Macroscopic Analysis of Woven Reinforcements. This part consisted of implementing the numerical simulations of the woven reinforcements at the macroscopic scale using the PlasFib software [22], which calculation codes based on the finite element method (FEM), developed by the LaMCoS laboratory
The local mesoscopic simulation was performed on a single representative volume elements (RVEs), and the boundary conditions from the macro-meso embedded approach were applied on the RVE edges
Summary
Composite materials with excellent performance are becoming more attractive in the field of high technology. It is difficult to simulate the shaping of woven reinforcements at this mesoscopic scale taking into account the large number of yarns and their complex interactions, especially for 3D fabrics In these models, one of the most critical problems is the computing time. One of the most critical problems is the computing time In this context, the objective of this paper is to develop an efficient multi-scale method that allows one to obtain the deformations and orientations of yarns for a whole composite structure during the shaping process of woven reinforcements, with a reasonable computation time. The material studied here is an orthogonal 3D glass woven reinforcement (see Figure 1) [21]
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