Macro and micro components of starch in different soryz (Sorghum orysoidum) varieties

Abstract

Purpose. To determine the content of macro and micro components of starch in different varieties of soryz.
 Methods. Laboratory method for determination of the content of fat, protein, starch, fatty acids, dietary fiber, water, mineral elements; calculation method for the integral score; mathematical and statistical.
 Results. It was established that the starch of different soryz varieties contained mainly carbohydrates − starch and dextrin (77.5–81.0%). It should be noted that the starch of varieties ‘Kvarts’, ‘Octan’ and ‘Tytan’ had a significantly lower content of carbohydrates. At the same time, the moisture content of the starch was 8.7–11.0%, which corresponded to DSTU 3976-2000 Dry corn starch: Specifications. The content of protein in corn starch was 2.8–4.1%, dietary fiber 2.3–2.8%, fat 1.3–2.6%, saturated fatty acids and ash 0.2–0.3%, depending on the variety. The content of polyunsaturated fatty acids was 0.02–0.04%, which was the lowest. The content of sulfur in corn starch was 60.0–62.1 mg/kg, which was the highest. The content of phosphorus and potassium was at the level of 37–59 mg/kg of starch, and the content of magnesium was 33–41 mg/kg. The content of copper in starch was the least – 0.003–0.006 mg/kg. In addition, vitamin B1 was found in the amount of 0.77–0.81 mg/kg. It should be noted that the decrease in the content of micro components of starch was reliable except for sulfur. It was established that 100 g of starch provides the daily need of the human body for vitamin B1 by 7.0–7.5%, depending on the variety of soryz. Of all mineral elements, the integral score of magnesium was 1.4–1.8%. For phosphorus, this indicator was 0.7–0.9%, iron 0.2–0.3, manganese, sulfur, calcium, potassium 0.1%, copper and sodium 0.02–0.03%.
 Conclusions. Macro and micro components of corn starch vary reliably depending on the variety. Soryz starch contains carbohydrates (starch + dextrin) 77.5–81.6%, protein 2.8–4.1%, dietary fiber 2.3–2.8%, fat 1.3–2.6%, saturated fatty acids and ash 0.2–0.3, polyunsaturated fatty acids 0.02–0.04%, depending on the variety. The moisture content of starch was 8.7–11.0%. Calculations show that the consumption of 100 g of starch provides only 23.2–24.4% of the human body's daily need for carbohydrates, and 9.2–11.2% for dietary fiber. The integral score for protein is 3.0–4.4% and fat 1.4–2.7%. In addition, the content of vitamin B1 in starch is 0.77–0.82 mg/kg. Sulfur content is 60.0–62.1 mg/kg, potassium and phosphorus 37–59 mg/kg, magnesium 33–41 mg/kg, sodium 10–13 mg/kg, calcium 5–9 mg/kg, iron 0.23–0.35 mg/kg, manganese 0.075–0.090 mg/kg, copper – 0.003–0.006 mg/kg.