Abstract
The sensing organs are exponentially better than any of analogous artificial ones. That is why using them in full scale is a perspective trend to the efficient (advanced) machine perception. On the other hand, limitations of sensing organs could be replaced by the perfect artificial ones with the subsequent training the nervous system on their output signals. An attempt to lay down the foundations of biosensing by natural sensors and in addition to them by the artificial transducers of physical quantities, also with their expansion into space arrays and external/implantable functioning in relation to the nervous system is performed. The advances in nanotechnology are opening the way to achieving direct electrical contact of nanoelectronic structures with electrically and electrochemically active neurocellular structures. The transmission of the sensors' signals to a processing unit has been maintaining by an electromagnetic transistor/memristor (externally) and superconducting transducer of ionic currents (implantable). The arrays of the advanced sensors give us information about the space and direction dynamics of the signals' spreading.The measuring method and necessary performance data of the sensor for the robot's orientation in the ambient magnetic field with living being-machine interaction in order to obtain input and output signals from brain and motor nerves to the measurement system and vice versa are introduced. The range of applied sensors differs from an induction sensor to superconducting induction magnetometer. The analytical expressions for arrangements of the head sensors in differential and vector (3D) relative positions are deduced. Sensitivity of the perception method makes it possible to recognize the linear translation of 10?2 m and disposal in space of 10?3 m3. Interaction between living beings and robotic equipment is given analytical treatment.
Highlights
Artificial Sensors with the Human Machine InterfaceElectronic Nose is a smart instrument that is designed to detect and discriminate among complex odours using an array of sensors
An electronic nose consists of three elements: a sensor array which is exposed to the volatiles, conversion of the sensor signals to a readable format and software analysis of the data to produce characteristic outputs related to the odour encountered
pickup coil (PC) of a walking robot is connected in parallel with the drain of a superconducting field-effect transistor (SuFET) cryogenic device or an ordinary OA which are placed in the body
Summary
Electronic Nose is a smart instrument that is designed to detect and discriminate among complex odours using an array of sensors. The array of sensors consists of a number of broadly tuned (non-specific) sensors that are treated with a variety of odour-sensitive biological or chemical materials [1] This instrument provides a rapid, simple and noninvasive sampling technique, for the detection and identification of a range of volatile compounds. The application of a low-Tc SQUID device is able to embrace both of the said frequency ranges with maximum sensitivity It is made of non-magnetic material and the principle of operation is to detect two magnetic signals at different distances from the source and arrange for them to be in opposition around a local supercooled circuit. Each muscle fiber has a potential and motor unit action potential generated by construction of muscle is studied and corresponding actuation is provided to robotics arm In this system a relatively more flexible and robust communication technique generates commands from EMG signals (Figure 4). A number of the relevant measuring devices, as an intermediate element between physical value and the nerve system, are designed on its basis [10]
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