Abstract
Objectives: To design and develop the Multi-layer Multipath Data Forwarding Routing (M2DFR) protocol for Underwater Wireless Sensor Network which controls the water depth, node mobility and can enhance the overall performance. Method/Analysis: M2DFR is based on three phases, one is design of architecture under which the deployment of the nodes are shown, second is the initialization phase which develops the multipath route selection mechanism between seabed source nodes to ordinary nodes which are deployed in the lower depth to upper layer, Acoustic Powerful Nodes (APNs) deployed in upper depth in fixed way in layers to surface sink nodes which are deployed on water surface, the route selection for multipath is based on RREQ/RREP through Weight Calculation Mechanism (WCM). Third phase focuses the data forwarding phase under which the shortest WCM is selected and from this route packets are forwarded from source nodes to sink nodes. Findings: Most of the existing protocols are unable to overcome the problem of water depth controlling, uncontrolled node mobility. Applications/Improvements: M2DFR is designed to extract the information from the bottom of the sea with its applications like: gold, oil/gas and minerals. The improved performance of M2DFR is measured with CBE2R and EMGGR. Keywords: APNs, Higher-Depth, Lower-Depth, Node-Mobility, WCM
Highlights
To design the routing protocol in underwater environment is one of the challenging tasks, because in underwater environment there is majority number of issues like: Water pressure, acoustic channel limitation, sensor node battery power problem, long distance from water surface to seabed, water current, 3D deployment and uncontrollable node mobility[1,2,3,4]
environment the four types of the nodes are used, one is sink node which almost is deployed on water surface, the courier nodes or underwater vehicles which are deployed in underwater environment, the ordinary nodes which are deployed in underwater and the source nodes which are almost deployed at the seabed level[8,9,10,11,12]
In network architecture the deployment of the sink nodes, Acoustic Powerful Nodes (APNs), ordinary nodes and source nodes is presented with upper depth and lower depth of water
Summary
To design the routing protocol in underwater environment is one of the challenging tasks, because in underwater environment there is majority number of issues like: Water pressure, acoustic channel limitation, sensor node battery power problem, long distance from water surface to seabed, water current, 3D deployment and uncontrollable node mobility[1,2,3,4]. Designing of routing protocol in underwater environment is the major focus of the network based researchers due to its valuable application based information like: finding of coal mines, gold, oil/gas, minerals, diamond etc[5,6,7]. In underwater environment the water depth controlling, deployment of nodes and controlling of node mobility still needs improvement, though majority of the routing protocols are designed for. This research article p resents the Multi-layer Multipath Data Forwarding Routing (M2DFR) protocol which controls the water depth, node mobility and deployment issues.
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