Lytic Enzymes of Aspergillus piperis as a Tool for Attacking Some Phytopathogenic Fungi In vitro with Special Reference to its Cytotoxicity

Samah Abd El-Kader El-Debaiky,Anwer S.M El-Badry

doi:10.22207/jpam.15.4.16

Abstract

The antagonistic activity of Aspergillus piperis against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. fabae (FOF) and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum were examined and showed multiple signs of hyphal interactions. Microscopic examination of contact regions among A. piperis and each pathogen revealed distinct enzymatic lysis of pathogenic hyphal cell walls. Therefore, it is important to estimate the lytic enzyme activity of A. piperis. Extracellular lytic enzymes are important offensive forces for A. piperis as a biological control agent. Chitinase, phospholipase, and protease recorded relatively high activity from a culture age of 10 days (82.3, 42.4, and 6.2 U/ml, respectively). Enzymatic persistence was measured at room temperature, recording relatively long periods, saving 54%, 46%, and 21% of their activity, respectively. The cytotoxicity of the crude culture filtrate of A. piperis was examined in MCF7 and WI38 human cell lines. The cell viability (IC50) value of the fungal filtrate was estimated after 24 h and 48 h. The results revealed that IC50 values against the MCF7 cell line were inoperative after 24 h and were recorded 80 μg/ml after 48 h. In contrast, IC50 values against the WI38 cell line were 85.69 and 69.8 μg/ml after 24 and 48 h, respectively.

Highlights

Phytopathogenic fungi are considered the most common and distributed causal agents of plant diseases
The plates of S. sclerotiorum were recognized by the formation of large sclerotia (2 × 2 mm to 5.5 × 3.5 mm)
The findings in this study of biocontrol of FOF using A. piperis were per the results of[31], who recorded the biocontrol of tomato plant diseases caused by Fusarium solani using the glucose oxidase enzyme of Aspergillus tubingensis, a member of the Aspergillus niger group

Summary

Introduction

Phytopathogenic fungi are considered the most common and distributed causal agents of plant diseases Their unique reproductive structures, such as spores, sclerotia, and rhizomorphs, are responsible for widespread fungal pathogens and plant fungal diseases.[1,2] In particular, under favorable environmental conditions, fungi attack their host plants for nourishment. They invade the plant body via stomata, wounds, or direct penetration of the plant epidermis.[2,3] The use of biological control agents, including antagonistic fungi, is considered a safe and eco-friendly method to control plant fungal diseases.[4,5]. In the last few years, Aspergillus piperis was one of the fungal species discovered to have successful antagonistic activity against some phytopathogenic fungi.[12]

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