Abstract
Lysozyme is in high demand due to its many favorable characteristics such as being naturally occurring, non-toxic, and easy to digest and absorb. Recently, superparamagnetic nanoparticles with strong magnetic responsiveness have attracted significant interest for enzyme purification. The aptamer of the enzyme can be chemically synthesized rapidly at a large scale using simple and low-cost preparation methods. Therefore, Fe3O4 nanoparticles (Fe3O4 NPs) were prepared by chemical co-precipitation and were then functionalized with amino groups to produce NH2-Fe3O4 NPs. The specific reaction of aldehyde and amino groups was used to attach lysozyme aptamers with specific sequences to NH2-Fe3O4 NPs to produce Apt-NH2-Fe3O4 NPs. The synthesized materials were characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), hysteresis loop analysis, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The optimal experimental conditions for adsorption of lysozyme were investigated. The effects of initial lysozyme concentration, adsorption time, pH, reaction temperature, and ionic strength were determined. The maximum adsorption capacity and relevant activity of Apt-NH2-Fe3O4 NPs was 460 mg·g−1 and 16,412 ± 55 U·mg−1 in an aqueous lysozyme solution. In addition, as demonstrated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) electrophoresis analysis, lysozyme could be separated from crude fresh egg white using Apt-NH2-Fe3O4 NPs with an amount up to 113 ± 4.2 mg·g−1 and an activity up to 16,370 ± 46 U·mg−1.
Highlights
Lysozyme is an alkaline enzyme mainly present in animals, plants, and microbes
Aptamers are generally developed in vitro using a defined iterative procedure known as systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX) [31]
The lysozyme-specific aptamer sequences with aldehyde modification
Summary
Lysozyme is an alkaline enzyme mainly present in animals, plants, and microbes. It is usually derived from egg whites and it can damage bacterial cell walls by catalyzing the hydrolysis of. Magnetic nanoparticles have attracted significant interest in a wide range of applications, such as cell separation, enzyme immobilization, and targeted drug administration [8,9,10]. Magnetic nanoparticles have unique advantages when applied to protein immobilization and separation Their unique magnetic properties allow them to separate and enrich their target products directly from complex systems, enabling high purity and high recovery of samples without expensive instruments and equipment. Aptamers are generally developed in vitro using a defined iterative procedure known as systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX) [31] These methods produce unique structures with high affinity that enable strong and stable binding between the aptamer of the enzyme and the target molecule with little effect on enzyme activity [32].
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