Abstract
Phagolysosomes of macrophages are the niche where the parasitic protozoan Leishmania resides and causes human leishmaniasis. During infection, this organism encounters dramatic environmental changes. These include heat shock (from 26°C in the vector to 33°C or 37°C in the host, for cutaneous and visceral species, respectively) and acidic pH typical to the lysosome and nutrient availability. Leishmania cells developed ways to sense the lysosome-specific environment (acidic pH and body temperature) as means of recognition and, subsequently, initiation of differentiation into the intracellular form. Recent studies have indicated that protein kinase A plays a role as the gatekeeper that enables differentiation initiation. This review provides an update on the lysosome signaling pathway-mediated Leishmania intracellular development.
Highlights
Pathogenic microorganisms invade and colonize our body because it contains nutrients that pathogens need to complete their developmental cycle
We have identified parasite molecules that helped complete the puzzle of Leishmania development inside its host macrophage
The focus was on how nutrient transport and metabolism are influenced by the acidic pH environment encountered by amastigotes
Summary
Reviewed by: Maria Fernanda Laranjeira-Silva, University of São Paulo, Brazil Angamuthu Selvapandiyan, Jamia Hamdard University, India. Sensing Is a Key Mechanism in Leishmania Intracellular Development. Phagolysosomes of macrophages are the niche where the parasitic protozoan Leishmania resides and causes human leishmaniasis. During infection, this organism encounters dramatic environmental changes. These include heat shock (from 26◦C in the vector to 33◦C or 37◦C in the host, for cutaneous and visceral species, respectively) and acidic pH typical to the lysosome and nutrient availability. Leishmania cells developed ways to sense the lysosome-specific environment (acidic pH and body temperature) as means of recognition and, subsequently, initiation of differentiation into the intracellular form. This review provides an update on the lysosome signaling pathway-mediated Leishmania intracellular development
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