Lymph Node Ratio as a Predictive Factor of Persistent/Recurrent Disease in Patients With Medullary Thyroid Cancer: A Single-Centre Retrospective Study

Abstract

ObjectiveThyroidectomy with neck lymph node dissection is curative for most patients with medullary thyroid cancer (MTC). Lymph node ratio (LNR, ie, the ratio between the metastatic and the removed lymph nodes) is a reliable parameter with which to estimate both disease extent and quality of neck dissection. The aim of this study was to investigate the prognostic role of LNR to predict persistent/recurrent disease in patients with MTC. MethodsA single-center, retrospective study of a consecutive cohort of 95 patients with MTC treated with total thyroidectomy and neck dissection. Receiver operating characteristics curve analysis was performed to identify the LNR cut-off. ResultsLNR was positively associated with tumor size, preoperative and postoperative calcitonin values, postsurgery carcinoembryonic antigen values, persistent/recurrent disease, and the occurrence of distant metastases during follow-up. At multivariate analysis, persistent/recurrent disease was independently associated with the LNR value and was accurately predicted by a cut-off value of 0.12 (area under the curve = 0.85). Indeed, patients with LNR ≥0.12 had a higher probability of developing persistent/recurrent disease (79.3% vs 10.6%, odds ratio = 32.3, 95% CI = 9.8-106.4; P < .001) and distant metastasis (34.5% vs 3.0%, odds ratio = 16.8, 95% CI = 3.4-83.6; P < .001) than patients with LNR <0.12. The median time to progression was 15 months in patients with LNR ≥0.12 whereas it was not reached in patients with LNR <0.12 (hazard ratio: 7.18, 95% CI = 3.01-17.11, P < .001). ConclusionsLNR is a reliable prognostic factor to predict the risk of recurrence, persistence, and distant metastases in patients with MTC.