Abstract
AbstractThis manuscript explores the influence of time-delays on the single-area load frequency control (LFC) system stability with electric vehicles (EVs) integration in addition to the demand response (DR) control. The signal transmission through communication links in the LFC systems results in inevitable non-identical time-delays in the system feedback paths causing delay-dependent stability issues. The existence of time-delays hinders the transmission of signals among the different entities involved in the control task. This, in turn, invariably degrades the overall performance and affects the system stability. If the network induced time-delays go beyond a critical value called stable delay margin, the overall system loses stability. In this manuscript, using Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional approach, a new stability analysis is presented for ascertaining delay-dependent stability of networked load frequency control systems. The stable delay margins are obtained for different scenarios by varying the controller values of LFC controller and DR control along with participation ratios of conventional generation, electric vehicles and demand response control. The extensive simulation results are also provided to demonstrate the obtained analytical delay margin results.KeywordsLoad frequency control systemsElectric vehicle aggregatorDemand responseLinear matrix inequalityDelay-dependent stabilityTime-delays
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