Lx rays emitted from multiply ionized holmium atoms

Abstract

Spectra of $L$ x rays emitted from Ho targets bombarded by 10 keV electrons and $6\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{MeV}∕\mathrm{amu}$ C, Ne, Ar, Kr, and Xe ions were measured in high resolution using a curved crystal spectrometer. The spectra were analyzed in order to examine the systematic evolution of the $L$ x-ray satellite structure as a function of projectile atomic number. Scaling rules are established for the apparent average $M$-shell spectator vacancy fraction and apparent average double to single $L$-vacancy population ratio at the time of $L$ x-ray emission. The results are compared to those obtained for $K$-shell ionizing collisions and with predictions of the geometrical model.