Abstract
This study was conducted between November 2010 to April 2011 to estimate the prevalence of lungworm infection in small ruminants, determine the parasite species and identify the potential risk factors in and around Wolaita Soddo town, Southern Ethiopia. Faecal samples were collected from 360 randomly selected small ruminants (204 sheep and 156 goats) and processed with the modified Baerman technique for the extraction of first stage larvae. Overall, 45 (22.1%) sheep and 30 (19.2%) goats were found infected with lungworms. No significant difference was observed in the prevalence of lungworm infection between sheep and goats (p>0.05). Dictyocaulus filaria was the single lungworm species identified in both sheep and goats. The risk factors analyzed were sex, age, management system (zero-grazing or free-ranging), deworming history and body condition score (BCS). Management system, deworming history and BCS were significantly associated with the prevalence of D. filaria infection in sheep and goats (p 0.05). In conclusion, the association of lungworm infections with the management system and deworming status of the animals in the present study are as expected. The association of infection with BCS requires further research to investigate if improving the nutritional status, thereby improving BCS, will result in lower prevalence of lungworm infection. Also, as the present sample size is thought to be small, further study with a larger sample size is required to determine the effect of age and host species difference in susceptibility to lungworm infection. One of the limitations of this study is that it is a one season survey and thus, a further year-round investigation is warranted to establish the association between seasonal variation and infection.
Highlights
Ethiopia is a country of huge livestock resources of which small stock is an integral part of the system
This was evidenced by the fact that more than 60% of the small ruminants included in this study were dewormed with broad spectrum anthelminthics
The absence of small lungworms in the present study area could be associated with their life cycle and the season of the study
Summary
Ethiopia is a country of huge livestock resources of which small stock is an integral part of the system. Despite the country has a huge potential of small ruminants, the country is unable to exploit these resources due to various reasons including endoparasitic infections. Sheep and goats can be infected by many different kinds of endoparasites including lungworms. These lungworms are widely distributed throughout the world but are common in countries with temperate climates, and in the highlands of tropical and sub-tropical countries [2]. The three economically important species of lungworms in sheep and goats are the nematode Dictyocaulus filaria, Muellerius capillaris and Protostrongylus rufescens. D. filaria is one of the most pathogenic lungworm of sheep and goats which lives in the lumen of the bronchial tree and commonly associated with chronic bronchitis and localized occlusion of the bronchial tree with atelectasis [3]. Infections with lung worms are either clinical or sub clinical [3]
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