Lumpy skin disease virus: An updated overview

Abstract

Lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) is the virus that causes LSD, which belongs to the genus Capripoxvirus, family Poxviridae. It is a transboundary, non-zoonotic, and vector-borne disease. It is transmitted by infected arthropod species such as Aedes aegypti mosquitoes, Ixodid ticks, Stomoxys calcitrans, and Tabanids haematopota spp. For the 1st time in India, LSD has been reported to cause 7.1% morbidity among cattle. Clinical features are high fever, anorexia, reducing milk production, enlarged lymph nodes, nasal discharge, oval and round skin lesions with a diameter of 1 to 5 cm (sometimes big), tears discharge from the eyes, saliva discharge from the mouth, leg swellings, lameness in dairy cattle, and pregnant cows may miscarry, and cattle cannot come into heat for long months. Borders with India, like China and Bangladesh, are currently suffering. We should pay attention to vector control, vaccination with quarantine measures, and vector control to stop the LSDV spread. This review article talks about the introduction and background, etiology, epidemiology, transmission, clinical features, prevention and control measures, vaccination, and the LSD outbreak in India.