Abstract
Brazil is the country with the greatest biodiversity; however, most of the plants are used empirically, without scientific evidence. Luehea candicans, popularly called as-acoita-cavalo, is a specie characteristic of the Brazilian Cerrado Biome, used for fight hemorrhages, dysenteries, diarrhea, rheumatism and tumors. On the other hands, there are practically no studies about chemical composition and assess of their biological effects. Thus, the aim of this investigation was characterize and evaluate the antitumor potential of crude hydroethanolic extract from the bare stem parts of this plant, as well as its ethyl acetate and methanolic fractions. For the characterization, the crude extract was submitted to qualitative (phytochemical screening and analysis by direct flow injection by mass spectrometry-FIA-ESI-IT-MS) and quantitative tests (determination of phenolic compounds and determination of total flavonoids and anthocyanins). In order to study the antitumor potential, MTT technique was used to evaluate the cellular metabolism of canine breast cancer tumor cells (TCM) and osteosarcoma (OST). The results demonstrated the presence of polyphenols, mainly flavonoids and tannins. In addition, were observed an increase in metabolism when TCM and OST cells were incubated with all extracts of L. candicans. Based on this, L. candicans in these tumor types should be careful use, and that in vivo studies should be performed to prove the true effects of this plant.
Highlights
Medicinal plants are defined as those capable of alleviating or curing diseases, based on tradition use as a remedy in a population or community
The results of the phytochemical prospection of the crude extract showed a phytochemical Profile composed of hydrolysable tannins, flavonoids, anthocyanins, catechins, flavones, flavanones, xanthones, catechins, steroids, saponins and alkaloids with their proper classifications (Table 2)
Our results showed that the L. candicans crude hydroethanolic extract, obtained by percolation extraction, had an acceptable yield (~15%)
Summary
Medicinal plants are defined as those capable of alleviating or curing diseases, based on tradition use as a remedy in a population or community. Not endemic in Brazil, it is distributed from the South to the North of the country, and its predominance occurs on Cerrado Bioma, Amazon Rainforest, Caatinga, Atlantic Florest and Pantanal [6]. It has popular use for dysentery, hemorrhage, arthritis, diarrhea, clear blood, leucorrhea, rheumatism and tumors [7]. Osteosarcoma (OST) is the most common primary bone cancer in human and dogs [9,12], sharing several aspects [12] For both TCM and OST, dog could be an elective model to prognosis and treatment [9,11]. As L candicans is used empirically for the treatment of cancer, and dogs could be a good model, we aimed to characterize the L candicans crude extract and organic fractions, as well as, evaluate the in vitro antiproliferative potential in canine breast cancer (TCM) and osteosarcoma (OST) cells
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