Abstract
The present study investigates the effect of ludartin on spinal cord injury in rat model. Ludartin treatment decreased the expression of myeloperoxidase and malondialdehyde in spinal cord tissues. The expression of glutathione and superoxide dismutase was enhanced. It also exhibited inhibitory effect on reduction of NeuN-positive cells. The proportion of TUNEL positive cells was also regulated. In addition, ludartin treatment prevented the onset of apoptosis which was evident by decrease in caspase-3 and Bax level and increase of Bcl‑2 level. Up-regulation of tumor necrosis factor‑α, inter-leukin‑1β and I interleukin‑6 by spinal cord injury was suppressed by ludartin treatment. There was improvement in locomotion of rats by treatment with ludartin. Ludartin treatment of spinal cord injury rats improves locomotion by inhibiting inflammatory cytokine expression and preventing cell apoptosis. Thus, ludartin has therapeutic importance in spinal cord injury treatment.
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Highlights
Spinal cord injury is characterised by the loss of function of limbs and body portion below the damaged region (Grigorean et al, 2009; Kwon et al, 2004)
Studies have demonstrated that neuronal cell apoptosis and necrosis play main role in tissue degeneration during secondary spinal cord injury (Barinaga, 1996)
Glial and neuronal cell apoptosis have been observed as the major damaging processes which lead to secondary spinal cord injury in animal model and human tissue (Li et al, 2000)
Summary
Spinal cord injury is characterised by the loss of function of limbs and body portion below the damaged region (Grigorean et al, 2009; Kwon et al, 2004). The primary injury is accompanied by secondary damage which includes the development of inflammation, onset of cell death by necrosis, apoptosis and autophagy (Liu et al, 1999). Studies have demonstrated that neuronal cell apoptosis and necrosis play main role in tissue degeneration during secondary spinal cord injury (Barinaga, 1996). Glial and neuronal cell apoptosis have been observed as the major damaging processes which lead to secondary spinal cord injury in animal model and human tissue (Li et al, 2000). Apoptosis and formation of cavities in the spinal cord of spinal cord injury patient has been found to get reduced by chemotherapy (Whalley et al, 2006)
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