Abstract
Purpose: To investigate the protective effects of aqueous and methanol extracts of Bidens pilosa using various in vivo and in vitro models of hepatic injury. Methods: One kilogram of the aerial parts of Bidens pilosa was used to prepare 80 % methanol and aqueous extracts of the plant (500 g for each extract). The total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and antioxidant activity of both extracts were evaluated. The hepatoprotective activity of these extracts in carbon tetrachloride (CCl 4 , 0.1 %) and D-galactosamine (700 mg/kg)-induced liver injury, respectively, was investigated in mice. Paracetamol-induced liver injury was used as in vitro reference standard. Results: TPC and TFC of methanol extract were higher than those of the aqueous extract. The combination of methanol extract and silymarin showed the highest antioxidant activity. In vivo administration of CCl 4 and D-galactosamine significantly increased the levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), but decreased the total protein, albumin and glutathione (GSH) contents of liver. Co-administration of the extracts (50 mg/kg) and silymarin (100 mg/kg) effectively countered the effects of CCl 4 and Dgalactosamine, while also exerting their antioxidant properties. Both methanol and aqueous extracts showed hepatoprotective activity in paracetamol-induced cytotoxicity in primary cultures of rat hepatocytes. Conclusion: Bidens pilosa possesses significant in vivo and in vitro hepatoprotective activity in mice and may be therapeutically useful as a protective agent in acute liver injury. Keywords: Bidens pilosa , D-galactosamine, Carbon tetrachloride, Paracetamol, Liver injury, Hepatoprotective, Antioxidant, Silymarin, Hepatocytes
Highlights
The liver is a vital organ that functions as a center of metabolism and detoxification
The aqueous extract contained 0.1528 mg/mL or 15.28 ± 0.07 mg chlorogenic acid per g dry extract. These results showed that the antioxidant activity of methanol and aqueous extracts of Bidens pilosa (86.7 and 61.5 %, respectively) were comparable to Trolox (96.5 %) and silymarin (87.8 %)
For confirmation of the hepatoprotective activity of Bidens pilosa, we investigated whether its extracts protect against GalN-induced acute liver injury
Summary
The liver is a vital organ that functions as a center of metabolism and detoxification. Liver injury can be induced by partial hepatectomy or by various hepatotoxic chemical agents (e.g. CCl4, D-galactosamine and thioacetamide) under experimental conditions [2]. D-galactosamine has been shown to induce liver injury in rats that closely resembles the injury caused in humans by viral hepatitis, with regards to its morphological and functional features. CCl4 is a hepatotoxic agent that induces liver damage [3]. (family Asteraceae) is a small, erect, annual herb [4] It is used in China as a folk medicine and as a popular ingredient in herbal teas. The present study aimed to investigate the potential beneficial effects of Bidens pilosa extracts against hepatic dysfunction induced by CCl4 and D-galactosamine in mice, and by paracetamol in rat hepatic cells in vitro. The standard hepatoprotective drug silymarin was used as a positive control
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