<i>In Silico</i> Approach in Evaluation of Jack Bean (<i>Canavalia ensiformis</i>) Canavalin Protein as Precursors of Bioactive Peptides with Dual Antioxidant and Angiotensin I-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor

Abstract

Nowadays, there are many lifestyle diseases which cause public health problems worldwide. These diseases include cardiovascular problems, as well as their major factors such as hypertension. Hypertension is one of noncommunicable disease in the world implies the importance of further study of antihypertensive peptides as one of alternative means for hypertension management. On the other hand, the antioxidant is an important compound that also very important to contribute to human health. Jack bean is one of underutilized legume in Indonesia, although it contains high protein. Jack bean tempeh and fried jack bean are two common products using jack bean as a raw material in Indonesia. The protein in jack beans especially globular proteins such as concanavalin A, concanavalin B, and canavalin can be hydrolyzed into several bioactive peptides that can be beneficial for human health. Several functional properties of bioactive peptides are correlated to reduce the potency of hypertension and also as antioxidant. So far, there is a limited investigation using in silico approach for evaluating several potential proteins in jack bean as precursors of bioactive peptides. The purpose of this research is to evaluate several proteins in jack bean as precursors of Angiotensin I-Converting Enzyme (ACE) inhibitory and antioxidant bioactive peptides using in silico approach, and thus to establish the rationale for choosing the appropriate substrates proteins in preparing ACE inhibitory and antioxidant peptides. Based on our pre-preliminary results, we can conclude that specific protein from jack bean, e.g., canavalin has potency as precursors of ACE Inhibitory and antioxidant bioactive peptides using in silico analysis.