Abstract
The aim of this interdisciplinary approach is to provide innovative solutions to environmental problems, in particular, improving the treatment of textile industrial effluents and finding a use for the residual biomass generated from palm tree (Bactris gasipaes) extraction. Three types of white-rot fungi were cultivated applying different strategies for the decolorization the textile effluents: i) solid-state fermentation (SSF), ii) submerged fermentation (SF), and iii) adsorption. In all cases, it was used the peach-palm residue. In the SSF strategy, the decolorization process and laccase production were enhanced by increasing the concentration of final effluent. Even though the highest decolorization percentage (80%) was attained after 10 days of fermentation with G. lucidum EF 31 applied in the treatment of a final effluent, no significant differences were found in relation to the other two fungi. The decolorization efficiency obtained in the SF was lower compared with SSF, however, the presence of final effluent in the SF process improved the laccase activity. It was noted that the addition of peach-palm residue in this system provides a habitat for the fungus as well as a suitable source material for laccase production with the consequent decolorization of the effluent.
Highlights
In recent decades, environmental problems have increased due to population growth and industrial expansion, resulting in the widespread generation of wastes and the excessive consumption of natural resources.The concept of environmental sound practices at industry has emerged as a response to the need to reduce environmental impacts and the costs (Zhang, Zheng, & Fath, 2014; Wang, Feng, & Chu, 2014)
Two waste waters from a textile dyeing process were employed in the decolorization tests:(i) the effluent produced from the washing of the dyed material, called the residual dye bath effluent (RDB), and (ii) the final effluent (FE) collected at the end of the primary physicochemical treatment and prior to biological treatment in the treatment plant
The two effluents are very distinct with different compositions in terms of organic compounds, metals, salts, dyes, chemical and biochemical oxygen demand (COD/BOD), total dissolved solid (TDS), total suspended solid (TSS), and pH (Kabra, Khandare, & Govindwar, 2013)
Summary
Environmental problems have increased due to population growth and industrial expansion, resulting in the widespread generation of wastes and the excessive consumption of natural resources.The concept of environmental sound practices at industry has emerged as a response to the need to reduce environmental impacts and the costs (Zhang, Zheng, & Fath, 2014; Wang, Feng, & Chu, 2014). Wastewater from the textile industry is one of the most problematic types of effluent to treat due to its color and its high chemical oxygen demand (COD) and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), Acta Scientiarum. Effluents from the textile industry contain many toxic compounds (Szalinska, Dominik, Vignati, Bobrowski, & Bseasonal, 2010). The decolorization of this industrial waste represents a considerable challenging because certain dyes are resistant to degradation. Physical and biological methods are used for the removal of dyes from wastewater (Kadam, Lade, Patil, & Govindwar, 2013), several of them have disadvantages such as high costs and/or limited applicability. Due to the low efficacy of the traditional approaches to treatment, the development of new processes are required
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