<b>Mısır’da Osmanlı Hayranı Bir Entelektüel: Ahmet Şevki ve Fikirleri</b></br><i>An Ottoman Admirer Intellectual in Egypt: Ahmed Shawqi And His Ideas</i>

Abstract

Oz Misir, dogu-bati guzergâhinin en onemli bolgesi olan Akdeniz havzasinin batiya acilan kapisi konumunda olmasindan her devirde buyuk devletlerin dikkatlerini uzerine cekmis ve ilgi odagi olmustur. Misir’in stratejik onemi, 19. yuzyila geldigimizde Fransa ve Ingiltere’nin bu ulkeye yonelik somurge faaliyetlerinin nedenini olusturmustur. Gerek Avrupa devletlerinin Misir’daki somurge faaliyetleri, gerekse Misir’in Osmanli Devleti’ne olan uzakligi bu ulkede cesitli fikir akimlarinin olusmasina da katki saglamistir. Ozellikle Misir aydinlarinin Osmanli hilafetine bakisi ve farkli milliyetcilik anlayislarinin ortaya cikmasi bunlardan birkacini olusturmustur. Misir ve bu ulkede yasayan entelektueller uzerinde Islamcilik ve milliyetciligin etkisi derinden hissedilmekte idi. Misir’daki entelektuellerden Ahmet Sevki’yi secmemizin nedeni, onun Turk asilli Arap olmasi ve yasadigi donemde II. Abdulhamit’e ve Osmanli hilafetine olan bagliligi idi. Bu donemde Misir’da milliyetcilik kavrami birkac farkli sekilde algilaniyordu. Ahmet Sevki’nin milliyetcilik anlayisi Osmanli Hilafetine Bagli Misir Milliyetciligi idi. Hilafete bagli oldugundan Islam Birligi dusuncesine sahip; Misir’a olan sevgisi yonuyle de milliyetci bir entelektuel olan Ahmet Sevki’nin Islam birligi dusuncesi ve milliyetci yonu bu calismanin ana konusunu olusturmaktadir. Abstract Egypt is in the position of the gateway of the Mediterranean basin to the West which is the most significant region of eastern-western route. Therefore, it has attracted the attention of big countries and has been a center of interest every era. The strategic importance of Egypt in 19th century always drew the high attention of France and Great Britain to exploit the area. Moreover; Egypt could not be totally attached to the Ottoman Empire because of the distance to the Sublime Porte. Both the distance to the Sublime Porte and the exploitation activities of European countries led to bring about different movement of thought in Egypt. Especially, the idea of Egyptian intellectuals to the Ottoman Empire and different nationalism approaches are some of these different movement of thought in Egypt. The effects of Islamism and Nationalism have been felt deeply especially by the intellectuals living in Egypt. The reason why Ahmad Shawqi was chosen among these intellectuals is that he was originally Turkish and was deeply attached to Abdulhamit II and to the caliphate during his life-time. The nationalism idea was being recognized in some different ways in Egypt at that time. The nationalism idea of Ahmad Shawqi was based on the Egyptian Nationalism attached to the Ottoman Caliphate. Ahmad Shawqi’s Union of Islam and Nationalism idea is the core of this study. Shawqi has got the Union of Islam idea since he was attached to the caliphate and is a nationalist intellectual because of his compassion to Egypt.