Abstract
For the first time, the anti-hemolytic activity and the enzyme inhibitory activities of Dalbergia ecastaphyllum leaves extracts were tested against α-amylase, α-glucosidase, lipase, acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase, tyrosinase and hyaluronidase. The phenolic profile of the obtained extracts was also investigated by high-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detection (HPLC-PAD). The extracts showed inhibitory activity against all enzymes evaluated, with the highest inhibitory activity reported for the enzyme hyaluronidase (28.28 ± 2.43 to 72.19 ± 1.40 μg mL-1). The obtained extracts also demonstrate anti-hemolytic activity (52.22 ± 1.62 to 71.17 ± 1.82%). Among the phenolic compounds identified, protocatechuic, vanillic and β-resorcylic acids were the most abundant (1.13 ± 0.06 to 2.53 ± 0.06, 0.90 ± 0.06 to 2.19 ± 0.06 and 1.03 ± 1.62 to 22.11 ± 1.62 mg L-1, respectively). In the statistical analysis, a significant correlation was found between the flavonoids content and all enzymes inhibitory activities. The present study showed that D. ecastaphyllum leaves extracts may have the potential to be used in the therapeutic treatment of several diseases such as Alzheimer, Parkinson, type 2 diabetes mellitus, hyperglycemia, and pigmentation, as well as those associated with oxidative stress.
Highlights
It is important to highlight that the great content of total phenolics (TP) obtained in our study may be related to the temperature and solvent concentration employed
In D. sissoo Roxb. ex DC. leaves extract higher amounts of these compounds was observed, 41.23 ± 0.21 mg quercetin equivalents (QE) g-1 dry extract, (Chandra, Sachan, & Pal, 2015) similar to the results found in methanolic extract of Dalbergia sissoo leaves (Yasmeen & Gupta, 2016)
The results shown in this work demonstrate the capacity of D. ecastaphyllum hydroalcoholic extracts in inhibiting different enzyme activities for the first time
Summary
The effectiveness of enzyme activities depends on some features considered optimal conditions for acting in bodies, such as substrate concentration, pH, ionic strength and temperature, as they are sensitive substances. Changes occurred in these factors significantly affect their performance and the severity of the disease (Bisswanger, 2014). In this sense, the bioprospecting studies have advanced over the past few decades and recognized the enzyme inhibitors isolated from plants in the preventative medicine without or with a minimum side effect (Dalar, Uzun, Mukemre, Turker, & Konczak, 2015)
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