Abstract
The global cotton industry is distinguished by its numerous industrial uses of the plume as well as by high production costs. Excessive vegetative growth can interfere negatively with productivity, and thus, applying growth regulators is essential for the development of the cotton culture. The objective of this study was to evaluate the development and yield of the cotton cultivar FMT 701 with the application of mepiquat chloride to seeds and leaves. The experimental design used a randomized block design with four replications, arranged in bands.The treatments consisted of mepiquat chloride rates (MC) (0, 4, 6, 8 and 10 g a.i. kg-1 of seeds) applied directly to the cotton seeds and MC management by foliar spray using a 250 mL ha-1 rates that was administered under the following conditions: divided into four applications (35, 45, 55 and 65 days after emergence); as a single application at 70 days; and without the application of the product. The mepiquat chloride applied to cotton seeds controls the initial plant height and stem diameter, while foliar application reduces the height of the plants. After application to seed, foliar spraying MC promotes increase mass of 20 bolls, however no direct influence amount bolls per plant and yield of cotton seed. Higher cotton seed yield was obtained with a rate of 3.4 g a.i. MC kg-1 seeds.
Highlights
When cultivated under conditions with unrestricted availability of moisture, light and nutrients, especially nitrogen, the cotton plant exhibits excessive vegetative growth, which negatively interferes with productivity
The treatments consisted of mepiquat chloride rates (0, 4, 6, 8 and 10 g a.i. kg-1 of seeds) applied directly to the cotton seeds and MC management through foliar applications using a 250 mL ha-1 rate that was administered under the following conditions: divided into four applications (35, 45, 55 and 65 days after emergence (d.a.e.)); single application at 70 d.a.e; and without application of product
In the assessments carried out in the early stages of development of the cotton plants (10 to 60 days in Tables 2 and 3) and in both agricultural years under study (2008/09 and 2009/10), the growth regulator rates was observed to have a significant linear effect on the reduction of plant height. These results indicate that using the product for seed treatment effectively controls initial cotton plant development, thereby facilitating the management of the cotton culture
Summary
When cultivated under conditions with unrestricted availability of moisture, light and nutrients, especially nitrogen, the cotton plant exhibits excessive vegetative growth, which negatively interferes with productivity. Studies indicate that growth regulators can alternatively be applied to the seeds, with the advantages of an easier practical application and the reduction of the cotton plants’ initial development after emergence (FERRARI et al, 2010; NAGASHIMA et al, 2005), without affecting root system development (ALMEIDA; ROSOLEM, 2012). Another favorable aspect is protection against adverse conditions during the first application of the growth regulator, which can prevent the product from producing the desired results (MATEUS et al, 2004)
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