Abstract
Asparaginase is an enzyme used in clinical treatments as a chemotherapeutic agent and in food technology to prevent acrylamide formation in fried and baked foods. Asparaginase is industrially produced by microorganisms, mainly gram-negative bacteria. Zymomonas mobilis is a Gram-negative bacterium that utilizes glucose, fructose and sucrose as carbon source and has been known for its efficiency in producing ethanol, sorbitol, levan, gluconic acid and has recently aroused interest for asparaginase production. Current assay optimizes the production of Z. mobilis asparaginase by continuous fermentation using response surface experimental design and methodology. The studied variables comprised sucrose, yeast extract and asparagine. Optimized condition obtained 117.45 IU L-1 with dilution rate 0.20 h-1, yeast extract 0.5 g L-1, sucrose 20 g L-1 and asparagine 1.3 g L-1. Moreover, carbon:nitrogen ratio (1:0.025) strongly affected the response of asparaginase activity. The use of Z. mobilis by continuous fermentation has proved to be a promising alternative for the biotechnological production of asparaginase.
Highlights
Asparaginase hydrolyzes the amino acid asparagine into aspartic acid and ammonia
Asparaginase is an intracellular enzyme produced by several different microorganisms, including Gram-negative bacteria, mycobacteria, yeasts and fungi, and may be extracted from plants and from the plasma of certain vertebrates
Zymomonas mobilis ATCC 35001 was used in a slant culture containing glucose (10 g L-1), yeast extract (5 g L-1) and agar (15 g L-1), and stored in a refrigerator (2 to 8°C)
Summary
Asparaginase (asparagine amidohydrolase EC 3.5.1.1) hydrolyzes the amino acid asparagine into aspartic acid and ammonia. Asparaginase is an intracellular enzyme produced by several different microorganisms, including Gram-negative bacteria, mycobacteria, yeasts and fungi, and may be extracted from plants and from the plasma of certain vertebrates. It was the first enzyme with antitumor activity to be studied extensively in humans (Maladkar, Singh, & Naik, 1993). The bacterium E. coli produces antitumor asparaginase (Müller, & Boos, 1998; Shanmugaprakash et al, 2015; Olu et al, 2008; Song et al, 2015), it causes toxic side effects when used continuously (Prakasham, Rao, Rao, Lakshmi, & Sarma, 2007; Kotzia & Labrou, 2005), coupled to high production costs.
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