Abstract
The Chilean strawberry [ Fragaria chiloensis (L.) Mill.] is the maternal progenitor of the commercial strawberry ( Fragaria ´ ananassa Duch.), which is characterized by fruits with high organoleptic quality and is well-suited to areas where drought and salinity represent a constraint on crop growth and productivity. We examined the patterns of linkage disequilibrium, genetic diversity and population structure among 54 accessions of F. chiloensis to understand the genetic basis of this species. We used a core microsatellite marker set (n = 95) from a consensus linkage map of strawberry. A transferability rate of 82.1% (78/95) was found, and 38 markers were selected for this study. The SSR primers produced a total of 259 alleles, which varied between 112 and 342 bp. Lower genetic diversity at the species level (H E = 0.17, Shannon’s index = 0.28) was found compared to previous studies of this species. No climatic region pattern for SSR diversity was observed. Structure analysis suggests that the accessions are grouped into three significantly differentiated clusters. Pairwise estimates of φ ST indicated a low degree of differentiation between the three genetic groups (φ ST = 0.023 to 0.06). These groups are in concordance with potential glacial refugia in the region, with many accessions being an admixture of them.
Highlights
Fragaria chiloensis is a native Chilean polyploid species (2n = 8X = 56) of the Rosaceae family
We proposed that the findings of these studies should be maintained by using genome-wide co-dominant markers such as simple sequence repeats (SSR), or at least validated, as has been proven in other species such as olive (Belaj et al, 2003), maize (García et al, 2004) and Brassica napus (Li et al, 2011)
These results are average results for mixed breeding plants assessed with dominant markers (Nybom, 2004), and they relate to our data because the SSR markers were evaluated as binary data
Summary
Fragaria chiloensis is a native Chilean polyploid species (2n = 8X = 56) of the Rosaceae family. This family includes many economically important edible fruit crops such as apples, peaches, and cherries (Folta & Davis, 2006). × ananassa, the commercial strawberry (Hancock, Lavín, & Retamales, 1999) This species has a wide geographical distribution across the Chilean territory, from 34°55’S to 47°33’S and from sea level to 1850 m above (Lavín, Del Pozo, & Maureira, 2000). F. chiloensis has become a valuable source for the genetic improvement of the commercial strawberry, in particular for breeding programs with a limited genetic base (Stegmeir, Finn, Warner, & Hancock, 2010; Carrasco et al, 2007). The characterization of a F. chiloensis germplasm collection has confirmed the potential for selective breeding of this Fragaria species (Mora, Concha, & Figueroa, 2016)
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