Abstract
The United Nations [UN] declared 2015 as the International Year of Soils and hopes that this initiative will serve to mobilize society for the importance of soil as a key part of the environment and the dangers surrounding their degradation in the world. The work will address the desertification process in Argentinian Patagonia, in order to intensify this process over time by human occupation. For this analysis, we used historical and current references, addressing an evolutionary outlook, illustrated with maps and quantitative data. The methodology focused on analysis of the first records of the phenomenon, identification and perception of it as a problem that has natural characteristics, but this is powered by anthropic processes with a soil occupation which is different from what the environment would bear with exploration of possibilities that did not consider the native vegetation and the natural system. The results identified point to a sheep and cattle herd growth in parallel with the evolution of desertification. It is possible to mention the characters responsible for such changes, which result in an environmental, social and economic imbalance, and alternatives for the process to be attenuated or mitigated are suggested.
Highlights
Argentinian Patagonia is a political-administrative and economic space shaped by its natural and environmental characteristics
Organizations of the United Nations for food and agriculture declared 2015 as the International Year of Soils, due to the increase in the degradation of them around the world. Based on this topic it was noted that this problem occurs in all continents and at all latitudes, considered the Argentinian Patagonia as a point of investigation with large bibliographic references available provided by the National Observatory of Land Degradation and Desertification, developed by the Argentinian government to reverse and mitigate the process in the Argentinian territory
According to Matallo Junior (2009) the term desertification was first mentioned by the French researcher Louis Lavauden in 1927. It has been popularized by Andre Aubreville in the 40s, after a decade of experiments related to land degradation in the Great American Plains Matallo Junior (2009)
Summary
Argentinian Patagonia is a political-administrative and economic space shaped by its natural and environmental characteristics. According to the Ministry of Natural Resources and Human Environment, in Argentina, over 60 millions of hectares are suffering different types of erosion and every year 650,000 hectares are affected by some degree of degradation.
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