Abstract
The in vitro culture of embryos is an important technique to enable the rescue of embryos from incompatible crosses. Studies analyzing the factors that affect the in vitro culture of zygotic embryos are scarce. This study evaluated the effect of the genotype (Capsicum baccatum and C. frutescens), the composition of the culture medium (MS and ½ MS medium with different concentrations of sucrose, IAA and GA3) and the stage of development (globular, cordiform, torpedo and cotyledonary) in the in vitro culture of immature embryos. Embryo germination was influenced primarily by the stage of development of the embryo and the composition of the culture medium. Regardless of the species, the most suitable culture medium for the germination of globular and cordiform embryos was ½ MS with 0.05 mg L-1 of GA3 and IAA and 40 g L-1 of sucrose. For torpedo and cotyledonary embryos, ½ MS culture medium with 20 g L-1 of sucrose without phytoregulators is recommended for germination. These results were better than those described in the literature for all development stages in the two species. The results in the present study will be useful for geneticists and genetic enhancers interested in applying germination techniques conducted in vitro for immature Capsicum embryos.
Highlights
Pepper species domestication led to changes in the fruits, primarily in those that were small, erect, deciduous and red, because they became bigger, pendant, non-deciduous and with a great variety of color shades
The analysis of variance showed that the embryo development stage and the culture medium composition significantly influenced (p < 0.01) the differences in the recorded germination rates of globular and cordiform Capsicum embryos (Table 1)
Genotype is one of the factors of primary relevance for cultivation in vitro, primarily in Capsicum (Kothari et al, 2010), the results of the current study indicated that the factors embryo development stage and culture medium had stronger influence than that of genotype on C. baccatum and C. frutescens embryo cultivation in vitro
Summary
Pepper species domestication led to changes in the fruits, primarily in those that were small, erect, deciduous and red, because they became bigger, pendant, non-deciduous and with a great variety of color shades. Pepper species (Capsicum spp.) present great genetic diversity (Martins et al, 2013), and Brazil is an important diversity center for the genus, as host for domesticated species and semi-domesticated and wild ones Nascimento, & Alves, 2012; Nascimento et al, 2015) This great diversity is useful for Capsicum genetic enhancement programs (Blat, Braz, & Arruda, 2007). The genus includes 38 identified species and only five domesticated ones: C. annuum and its botanical forms, C. chinense, C. frutescens, C. baccatum and their botanical forms, and C. pubescens (Barboza, Agra, Romero, Scaldaferro, & Moscone, 2011)
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