Abstract
Since orange is the most produced and consumed fruit in Brazil and since its position on the tree may influence its physical and chemical attributes, current assay modeled a three-dimension spatial variability of total soluble solids (TSS) and ascorbic acid (AA) contents of the fruit in an orange orchard according to fruit position (coordinates x, y and z) on the plant and analyzed solar radiation on them. The experiment was conducted in Nova Laranjeiras, Parana State, Brazil, and analyzed 715 fruit (Monte Parnaso variety) from nine trees in 2011, 2012 and 2013. Results showed that high TSS contents were reported in the tree´s peripheral area in the two analyzed thirds due to a high solar radiation. Highest AA rates were reported in the apical third. In the case of quadrants, higher AA levels were found in SE and NE (morning sun) with regard to the apical third and in SW and SE (afternoon sun) with regard to the basal third. The three-dimension interpolation method displays the spatial variability of the fruit’s physical attributes by three-dimensional maps.
Highlights
Knowledge on the spatial and temporal variability of fruitschemical attributes makes one decide on adopting a specific management of land, orchards or individual plants
Considering that the orange is the most produced and consumed fruit in Brazil and that the position of the fruit on the tree may influence its physical and chemical attributes, current analysis modeled a three-dimensional spatial variability of total soluble solids (TSS) and ascorbic acid (AA) contents of the fruit in an orange orchard according to fruit position on the plant and evaluated solar radiation on them
After the parameters for nugget effect (C0), range (a), contribution (C1) and sill (C0 + C1), which define the spatial variability of structure analysis (SST and AA), were estimated, the most suitable model of the semivariance function was obtained by employing the cross validation method (Faraco, Uribe-Opazo, Silva, Johann, and Borssoi, 2008), by the computation of the comparison-wise error rate (CER) (Santos, Souza, Nóbrega, Bazzi, & Gonçalves Júnior, 2012)
Summary
Knowledge on the spatial and temporal variability of fruitschemical attributes makes one decide on adopting a specific management of land, orchards or individual plants. Orange fruit is Brazil’s most produced and consumed fruit and besides being an important source of vitamin C, it assists in one’s resistance to infections, wound healing and burns It strengthens bone structure, promotes the absorption of glucose and the functioning of the intestine, reduces cholesterol and neutralizes uric acid (Companhia de Entrepostos e Armazéns Gerais de São Paulo [Ceagesp], 2011). Considering that the orange is the most produced and consumed fruit in Brazil and that the position of the fruit on the tree may influence its physical and chemical attributes, current analysis modeled a three-dimensional spatial variability of total soluble solids (TSS) and ascorbic acid (AA) contents of the fruit in an orange orchard according to fruit position on the plant and evaluated solar radiation on them
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