Abstract
The effect of pH, heating temperature, heating time and crude mass to water ratio on yield, total soluble solids and ascorbic acid content of pulp were studied. A central composite design was used to optimize the conditions of pulp extraction from bael fruit to maximize pulp yield, total soluble solids and maximum retention of ascorbic acid in pulp. The regression model describing the changes of pulp yield, total soluble solids (TSS) and ascorbic acid of pulp with respect to pretreatment conditions were derived with the coefficient of determination (R2), 0.9883, 0.9814 and 0.9554, respectively. The models were found to be fit to predict the data under the different ranges of conditions. The pulp yield, TSS and ascorbic acid content of pulp obtained from bael fruit was 93.5 to 245.30%, 11-22°brix and 8.30-11.62 mg/100 g under the designed ranges, respectively. The optimized pretreatment conditions were pH; 3.3, heating time; 0.5 min, heating temperature; 70°C, and crude mass to water ratio; 1:0.8 and the pulp yield, TSS and ascorbic acid content under these conditions were 148.75%, 16.5°brix and 10.486 mg/100 g, respectively. Key words: Yield, total soluble solids (TSS), ascorbic acid, pH, crude mass.
Highlights
The bael fruit (Aegle marmelos Correa. family: Rutaceae) is an important indigenous fruit of Asia and is known by different names such as Bael, Bel, Bengal Quince, Bil, Bilva, Bilpatre, Shul, Shaiphal, Vilvum etc
The minimum yield, 93.5% was observed at pH 5, time of boiling 0.5 min, temperature 70°C and crude mass to water ratio 1:0.5
The response surface curves for % yield are shown in Figure 1(a-d) and each figure demonstrates the effect of two factors while the other factors were fixed at middle level
Summary
The bael fruit (Aegle marmelos Correa. family: Rutaceae) is an important indigenous fruit of Asia and is known by different names such as Bael, Bel, Bengal Quince, Bil, Bilva, Bilpatre, Shul, Shaiphal, Vilvum etc. Excellent flavor, nutritive and therapeutic value of bael fruits show greater potentiality for processing into value added products (Ram and Singh, 2003). The pulp so obtained is unfit for handling and nearly 10% of pulp is lost during extraction, partly left with the pomace and partly sticking to the sieve (Roy and Singh, 1979; Shrestha, 2000) This may be due to mucilage content of the pulp. Singh and Nath (2004) extracted pulp by adding water in the ratio of 1:1.25, heating at 90°C for 2 min while maintaining the pH 4.2 by 50% citric acid solution. Roy and Singh (1979) extracted pulp by adding 1:1 water, maintain the pH 4.3 by 0.5% citric acid and heating the mixture at 80°C for 1 min and passing through 20 mesh sieve. This study was carried out to optimize the pulp extraction method using response surface methodology
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