Abstract
Abstract Low-velocity impact and static indentation tests on sandwich plates composed of 4- to 48-ply graphite/epoxy cross-ply laminate facesheets and Nomex honeycomb cores have been performed to characterize damage initiation as a function of facesheet thickness and loading rate. Force histories during low-velocity impact are measured by using an instrumented impactor and integrated to produce energy histories. Energy histories are shown to reveal damage initiation. Static indentation tests show damage that is similar to that produced by low-velocity impact. The force at which damage initiates is shown to be lower for static tests than for low-velocity impact tests, and differences between equilibrium curves for the two types of loading are discussed. The difference between static and low-velocity impact tests is greater for plates with thicker facesheets. This may indicate a limitation of the applicability of the common assumption that low-velocity impact is a quasi-steady process.
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