Abstract
Biosensors are one of the most interesting fields of research nowadays. A FET-based biosensor, or Bio-FET, is a field-effect transistor in which the current through the channel flows due to the surface potential induced by the binding of molecules on the gate terminal. The binding sites induce potential on gate surface, and the current flowing through the channel is taken as measuring signal. Such a topology is called as current-mode topology, having the advantages of small size and low power consumption. A variety of biosensors such as optical, electrochemical, piezoelectric, and thermal are available with different applications. FET-based biosensors are electrical biosensors providing significant advantages such as ultrasensitivity detection, fast response time, mass production capability, and low-cost manufacturing. To study the biomolecular interactions, a number of Bio-FETs have been developed so far. MOSFET-based biosensors are used to find DNA–protein interactions, whereas enzyme FETs are glucose-sensitive sensors. FET-based biosensors can be used in clinical applications such as cardiovascular diseases, cancers, diabetes, and HIV diagnosis. This chapter begins with the introduction of FET and biosensors, followed by types of Bio-FETs, working principle, and applications.
Published Version
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