Lower muscular strength is associated with smaller left and right chambers and lower cardiac mass in the general population – The Sedentary's Heart

Abstract

BackgroundThe cardiac muscle has the ability to adapt to different loading conditions. We analyzed the associations of the age-related decreasing handgrip strength (HGS), a marker of muscular fitness, on cardiac structure and function in a community-based sample. MethodsWe performed cross-sectional analyses of 4646 subjects (2554 women; 55.0%) aged 20 to 93 years from two independent cohorts of the Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP-2 and SHIP-TREND-0). We analyzed the associations of HGS with structural and functional left and right ventricular (LV and RV) and left atrial (LA) parameters as determined by echocardiography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as well with log-transformed NT-proBNP values using multivariable-adjusted linear regression models. ResultsMRI data showed that a 1 kg lower HGS was associated with a 0.40 mL (95% confidence interval: 0.26 to 0.54; p < 0.001) lower LV end-diastolic volume, a 0.011 mm (0.005 to 0.018; p = 0.001) lower LV wall-thickness, a 0.59 g (0.43 to 0.75; p < 0.001) lower LV mass, a 0.58 mL/beat (0.43 to 0.74; p < 0.001) lower LV stroke volume, a 0.03 L/min (0.02 to 0.04; p < 0.001) lower LV cardiac output, a 0.48 mL (0.27 to 0.68; p < 0.001) lower LA end-diastolic volume, and a 1.02 mL (0.71 to 1.32) lower RV end-diastolic volume. Similar findings were observed for echocardiographic parameters. Moreover, lower HGS was associated with higher echocardiographic LV diastolic stiffness and NT-proBNP levels. ConclusionsIn this large population-based sample, lower muscular fitness as assessed by HGS was associated with lower LV wall thickness and mass as well as with smaller chamber size, stroke volume and cardiac output of the LV, LA and RV. Moreover, HGS was inversely related to LV diastolic stiffness and NT-proBNP values. These outcomes might demonstrate the effects of an aging-related decrease in physical activity and lower muscular fitness on the heart - “the sedentary's heart”.